Astronomy and Climate-Earth System: Can Magma Motion under Sun-Moon Gravitation Contribute to Paleoclimatic Variations and Earth’s Heat?

Figure 1

A time series with the mean deducted (left column, data interval is 0.1 ky) and its squared amplitude spectrum (right column) for temperature (Row a), CO₂ (Row b), insolation (i.e., Milankovitch cycle, Row c), and dust (Row d) from the EPICA Ice Core during July at 65°N for the past 800,000 years [6, 10, 11], as well as the total PSMGIM (1 TW = 10¹² W, Row e, using cf = 0.001 s⁻¹, , and 4 μm/s; for the lower mantle and outer core, resp., see Section 2). Left column: the time series (red-green curve) was 100% correlated to its reconstruction (dashed blue curve) that was produced via the Discrete Fourier Transform (see Methods, Section 2.3), with a confidence of 99.99%, and was evaluated using the following: the positive/negative amplitude , the total phase length during positive-/negative-phases , the mean , and the correlation to temperature (CT). Right column: the squared amplitude spectrum (see Methods, Section 2.3, black curve) with the -axis representing the value and the -axis representing the period (ky). Error bars were plotted with a dashed blue (upper limit) and red (lower limit) line, estimated via a chi-square test [8, 9] for a 95% significance level.

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