A Novel Time Series Prediction Approach Based on a Hybridization of Least Squares Support Vector Regression and Swarm Intelligence

Pseudocode 1

FA pseudocode.

Begin FA

Define objective function , where

Generate an initial population of fireflies

Formulate the light intensity

Define the absorption coefficient

While ( < Max_Generation)

For   = to (all fireflies)

  For   = 1 to (all fireflies)

   If (), move firefly towards firefly

   End if

   Evaluate new solutions and update light intensity;

  End for  

End for  

Rank the fireflies and find the current best

End while;

End FA