Hepatitis B Virus Infection and the Kidney: Renal Abnormalities in HBV Patients, Antiviral Drugs Handling, and Specific Follow-Up

Table 1

International definition and stratification of kidney disease by the K/DOQI and the KDIGO.

Stage	Description	GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)
Patients at increased risk	Risk factors for kidney disease (e.g., diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, older age, etc.)	More than 90
1	Kidney damage and normal GFR	More than 90
2	Kidney damage and mild decrease in GFR	60 to 89
3	Moderate decrease in GFR	30 to 59
4	Severe decrease in GFR	15 to 29
5	Kidney failure (dialysis or kidney transplant needed)	Less than 15

GFR: glomerular filtration rate; CrCl: creatinine clearance; signs of kidney damage may include proteinuria and hematuria.