Implicit Finite Difference Simulation of Hybrid Nanofluid along a Vertical Thin Cylinder with Sinusoidal Wall Heat Flux under the Effects of Magnetic Field

Table 1

Properties of the nanoparticles and base fluid (H₂O, Cu, and Al₂O₃).

Elements name	Density ρ (kg m^−3)	Specific heat at constant pressure Cp (J kg K^−1)	Thermal conductivity k (W m^−1 K)	Electric conductivity σ (S m^−1)	Thermal expansion coefficients (β) (K^−1)
Pure water (H2O)	991.1	4,179	0.613	0.05
Copper (Cu)	8,933	385	401	5.96 × 10^7	1.67 × 10^−5
Alumina (Al2O3)	3,970	765	40	3.69 × 10^7	0.85 × 10^−5