Impacts of Graphene Oxide on the Physical Property and Microstructure of Asphalt Material

Table 5

Detail information of methodology.

Test	Method	Condition
Microstructure	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	20.0 kV, 1 μm, 3000 and 5000 times
	Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Chemical composition	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)	Binding energy range 1100–0.00 eV
		180 ms/0.60 eV, down scan for 2 times
Basic performance	Penetration, softening point and ductility	According to ASTM D36, ASTM D5 and ASTM D113.
Rheological behavior	Brookfield viscosity (BV)	Load frequency ω = 10 rad/s temperature range 80∼160 (BV)
	Dynamic shear rheology (DSR)	60°C-90°C (DSR) heating rate 2°C/min