Impact of Resident Involvement on 30-Day Postoperative Outcomes in Orthopedic Shoulder Surgery

Table 1

Demographic data and comorbidities in 5,648 patients treated with orthopedic shoulder surgery in 2010–2012, categorized by resident presence.

Variable	Resident present				value
	No (3455 patients)		Yes (2193 patients)
	Value	%	Value	%
Demographic
Age in yrs, mean ± SD	59.9 ± 15.6		59.4 ± 16.9		0.229
BMI in kg/m^2, mean ± SD	29.6 ± 8.1		28.8 ± 8.2		0.958
Sex					0.444
Male	1770	51.3	1042	47.6
Female	1680	48.7	1146	52.4
Race					<0.001
Asian	24	0.7	16	0.7
Black	115	3.3	106	4.8
Native American or Alaskan	25	0.7	9	0.4
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	6	0.2	0	0.0
White	2851	82.5	1673	76.3
Other	434	12.6	389	17.7
Ethnicity					<0.001
Hispanic	224	6.5	52	2.4
Non-Hispanic	3231	93.5	2141	97.6
Comorbidities
>10% loss body weight in <6 mo	5	0.1	9	0.4	0.050
Ascites	0	0.0	2	0.1	0.076
Bleeding disorders	88	2.5	76	3.5	0.045
CHF	3	0.1	8	0.4	0.021
COPD	159	4.6	89	4.1	0.331
Current smoker	601	17.4	396	18.1	0.525
Diabetes	512	14.8	310	14.1	0.478
Dialysis	14	0.4	11	0.5	0.595
Disseminated cancer	13	0.4	36	1.6	<0.001
Dyspnea	250	7.2	128	5.8	0.040
EtOH >2 drinks/day	126	3.6	70	3.2	0.363
Functional status (partially dependent)	96	2.8	107	4.9	<0.001
Hypertension	1759	50.9	1101	50.2	0.605
Rest pain/Gangrene	3	0.1	2	0.1	0.957
Steroid use	86	2.5	94	4.3	<0.001

BMI = body mass index; CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Denotes significant difference between cohorts ().