Impact of Resident Involvement on 30-Day Postoperative Outcomes in Orthopedic Shoulder Surgery

Table 2

Operative characteristics in 5,648 patients treated with shoulder surgery in 2010–2012, categorized by resident presence.

Operative variable	Resident present				value
	No (3455 patients)		Yes (2193 patients)
	Value	%	Value	%
ASA classification					0.247
Class 1, no disturbance	395	11.5	226	10.3
Class 2, mild disturbance	1708	49.5	1147	52.3
Class 3, severe disturbance	1256	36.4	770	35.1
Class 4, life threatening disturbance	89	2.6	50	2.3
Class 5, moribund	1	<0.1	0	0.0
Emergency case	102	3.0	110	5.0	<0.001
Transfusion >4 U PRBC’s 72 hr preoperative	16	0.5	18	0.8	0.090
Total operation time in min, mean ± SD	92.3 ± 52.3		111.3 ± 70.1		<0.001

ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists, PRBC’s = packed red blood cells. Denotes significant difference between cohorts ().