Retromolar Canal Associated with Age, Side, Sex, Bifid Mandibular Canal, and Accessory Mental Foramen in Panoramic Radiographs of Brazilians

Table 8

Other studies in the literature with regard to sample characteristics and incidence of occurrence of retromolar canals (RMC) or retromolar foramen (RMF).

Studies	Year	Sample size	Region of population	Sample type	Sample age (years)	Incidence of RMF/RMC
Schejtman et al. [16]	1967	18	Argentine	Human heads’ cadavers	—	72% RMC
Athavale et al. [17]	2013	71/10	India	Dry mandible/adult cadavers	—	14.08% RMF in dry mandibles/0% RMF in adult cadavers
Narayana et al. [1]	2002	242	India	Dry adult mandibles	—	21.9% RMF
Bilecenoglu and Tuncer [8]	2006	40	Turkey	Mandibles	—	25% RMF
Rossi et al. [18]	2012	222	Brazil	Dry adult mandibles	—	26.58% RMF
Galdámes et al. [19]	2008	294	Brazil	Dry adult mandibles	18–100	12.9% RMF/RMC
Bilodi et al. [20]	2013	41	India	Dry mandible	—	12.19% RMF
Gupta et al. [21]	2013	50	India	Dry adult mandibles	—	18% RMF
Kang et al. [22]	2014	1933	Korea	CBCT images of patients	16–57	5.38% RMC
Patil et al. [5]	2013	171 patients; (254 images)	Japan	CBCT images of patients	15–79	75.43% RMC
Lizio et al. [23]	2013	187 patients; (233 images)	Italy	CBCT images of patients	Mean age of 46	16% RMC
Orhan et al. [24]	2013	63 patients; (126 images)	Turkey	CBCT images of patients (children)	7–16	22.20% RMC
Kawai et al. [25]	2012	46 patients; (99 images)	Japan	CBCT images of cadaver mandibles	—	52% RMF
von Arx et al. [15]	2011	100 patients; (121 images)	Switzerland	CBCT images of patients and panoramic radiographs	16–83	25.6% (CBCT) and 5.8% (panoramic radiographs) RMC
Sisman et al. [26]	2015	632 patients; (947 images)	Turkey	CBCT images of patients and panoramic radiographs	15–58	26.7% (CBCT) and 3.06% (panoramic radiographs) RMC