Anatomy of the Ophthalmic Artery: A Review concerning Its Modern Surgical and Clinical Applications

Figure 1

Highly schematic representation of OA’s developmental pattern and commonest variations. (a) Overview. Possible anastomoses are represented with dotted lines. (b) Typical anatomical pattern. (c) OA originating from MMA. (d) LA originating from MMA. (e) Persistent dorsal OA. (f) OA originating from ACE, or persistent ventral OA. ICA: internal carotid artery, ACA: anterior cerebral artery, MCA: middle cerebral artery, OA: ophthalmic artery, dOA: dorsal ophthalmic artery, vOA: ventral ophthalmic artery, CRA: central retinal artery, MPCA: middle posterior ciliary artery, LPCA: lateral posterior ciliary artery, AEA: anterior ethmoidal artery, PEA: posterior ethmoidal artery, FA: frontal artery, DNA: dorsal nasal artery, SOA: supraorbital artery, MMA: middle meningeal artery, and LA: lacrimal artery.

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