Incidence of Hyperlipidemia among Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), USA, 2007–2021
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics by the ART regimen type among ART-naïve adults with HIV initiating ART in the HIV Outpatient Study, USA, 2007–2021 (N = 349).
Demographic and clinical characteristics
Total
Non-INSTI-based
INSTI-based
value1
N
n (%)
n (%)
Total
349
181 (100)
168 (100)
Age at baseline
0.30
18–44
270
136 (75.1)
134 (79.8)
45+
79
45 (24.9)
34 (20.2)
Age, years, median (Q1–Q3)
349
33.5 (25.6, 44.9)
31.8 (26.5, 41.9)
0.69
Sex at birth
0.52
Female
78
43 (23.8)
35 (20.8)
Male
271
138 (76.2)
133 (79.2)
Race/ethnicity
0.61
Non-Hispanic White
79
43 (23.8)
36 (21.4)
Others
270
138 (76.2)
132 (78.6)
HIV transmission risk group
0.73
MSM
196
100 (55.2)
96 (57.1)
PWID
7
3 (1.7)
4 (2.4)
Heterosexual
137
72 (39.8)
65 (38.7)
Other/unknown
9
6 (3.3)
3 (1.8)
Payer at baseline
0.019
Private
143
73 (40.3)
70 (41.6)
Public
185
91 (50.3)
94 (56.0)
No/other/unknown
21
17 (9.4)
4 (2.4)
Type of the HOPS site
0.91
Public
103
54 (29.8)
49 (29.2)
Private
246
127 (70.2)
119 (70.8)
Nadir CD4 count at baseline (cells/mm3)
0.024
<200
112
65 (35.9)
47 (28.0)
200–349
83
49 (27.1)
34 (20.2)
350–499
77
38 (21.0)
39 (23.2)
500+
70
25 (13.8)
45 (26.8)
Unknown
7
4 (2.2)
3 (1.8)
Median CD4 count (Q1–Q3)
312
289 (129.0, 417.0)
354 (180.0, 514.0)
0.003
HIV viral load at baseline (copies/mL)
0.75
<200
33
16 (8.8)
17 (10.1)
200–999
24
12 (6.6)
12 (7.1)
1,000–99,999
204
111 (61.3)
93 (55.4)
≥100,000
77
38 (21.1)
39 (23.2)
Unknown
11
4 (2.2)
7 (4.2)
Median log10 viral load at baseline (Q1–Q3)
349
4.4 (3.7, 4.9)
4.5 (3.6, 5.0)
0.78
Years since HIV diagnosis to ART initiation, median (Q1–Q3)
349
0.3 (0.1, 1.2)
0.2 (0.1, 1.1)
0.003
Total cholesterol at baseline, median (Q1–Q3)
349
150.0 (128.0, 171.0)
145.5 (125.5, 167.5)
0.37
Total triglycerides at baseline, median (Q1–Q3)
349
92.0 (65.0, 116.0)
83 (62.5, 110.5)
0.17
HDL-C at baseline, median (Q1–Q3)
349
42.0 (34.0, 50.0)
42.0 (34.0, 50.0)
0.83
Non-HDL-C at baseline, median (Q1–Q3)
349
106.0 (86.0, 123.0)
100.0 (86.0, 120.5)
0.27
LDL-C at baseline, median (Q1–Q3)
349
87.0 (73.0, 107.0)
85.0 (69.5, 102.5)
0.58
Initial ART regimen
<0.0001
NRTI plus PI
68
68 (37.6)
0
NRTI plus NNRTI
113
113 (62.4)
0
NRTI plus INSTI
168
0
168 (100)
TDF use
<0.001
Yes
230
163 (90.1)
67 (39.9)
No (TAF and ABC)
119
18 (9.9)
101 (60.1)
TAF use
<0.001
Yes
76
5 (2.8)
71 (42.3)
No (TDF and ABC)
273
176 (97.2)
97 (57.7)
Cigarette smoker at baseline
0.52
Ever
192
103 (56.9)
89 (53.0)
Never
157
78 (43.1)
79 (47.0)
Alcohol drinker at baseline
0.14
Current
86
51 (28.2)
35 (20.8)
Not current
263
130 (71.8)
133 (79.2)
Family history of CHD at HOPS enrollment
0.21
Yes
111
52 (28.7)
59 (35.1)
No
238
129 (71.3)
109 (64.9)
BMI at baseline
0.14
<25
180
95 (52.5)
85 (50.6)
25–29.9
75
38 (21.0)
37 (22.0)
30+
73
42 (23.2)
31 (18.5)
Missing
21
6 (3.3)
15 (8.9)
BMI, median (Q1–Q3)
349
24.5 (21.6, 29.3)
24.3 (21.6, 29.2)
0.92
Note. Baseline was defined as the date of ART initiation. ABC, abacavir; ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density cholesterol; INSTIs, integrase strand transfer inhibitors; Q1–Q3, range between quartiles 1 and 3; MSM, men who have sex with men; N/A, not applicable; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PI, protease inhibitor; PWIDs, people who inject drugs; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. 1Chi-square or Fishers exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon two-sample test for continuous variables.
