Healthcare Providers’ Recommendations for Physical Activity among US Arthritis Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis by Race/Ethnicity
Table 3
Logistic regression showing the association between healthcare providers’ recommendations for physical activity and race/ethnicity among adults with arthritis (BRFSS 2011, 2013, and 2015).
Variables (reference)
Measures
Overall ( = 83,376)
African American ( = 8,005)
Hispanic ( = 1,864)
White ( = 73,507)
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Individual factors
Race (White)
African American
0.66 (0.54–0.78)
—
—
—
Hispanic of any race
0.68 (0.56–0.83)
—
—
—
Age (in years)
1.00 (1.00–1.01)
0.99 (0.98–1.01)
0.99 (0.98–1.01)
1.00 (1.00–1.01)
Gender (male)
Female
0.74 (0.69–0.81)
0.72 (0.54–0.97)
0.72 (0.49–1.05)
0.75 (0.69–0.80)
Health coverage (yes)
No
1.39 (1.15–1.67)
1.75 (1.07–2.86)
0.87 (0.50–1.54)
1.38 (1.16–1.64)
Body mass index (normal/underweight)
Obese
0.57 (0.52–0.63)
0.59 (0.41–0.83)
0.63 (0.40–1.00)
0.56 (0.50–0.60)
Overweight
0.79 (0.72–0.87)
0.60 (0.42–0.86)
0.91 (0.55–1.47)
0.79 (0.72–0.87)
Health status (excellent)
Very good
0.84 (0.72–0.98)
1.05 (0.55–2.01)
0.75 (0.33–1.71)
0.83 (0.71–0.97)
Good
0.78 (0.67–0.91)
0.73 (0.40–1.32)
0.91 (0.41–2.03)
0.77 (0.66–0.89)
Fair
0.89 (0.74–1.06)
1.06 (0.56–2.01)
0.88 (0.38–1.99)
0.87 (0.73–1.03)
Poor
1.05 (0.86–1.28)
1.36 (1.69–2.67)
1.05 (0.40–2.76)
1.03 (0.84–1.25)
Pain
0.91 (0.89–0.92)
0.89 (0.84–0.94)
0.90 (0.83–0.97)
0.91 (0.90–0.93)
Number of comorbidities
0.95 (0.92–0.98)
0.84 (0.75–0.95)
0.92 (0.80–1.06)
0.96 (0.94–0.99)
Activity limitations (no)
Yes
0.74 (0.68–0.80)
0.88 (0.65–1.17)
0.55 (0.37–0.81)
0.75 (0.68–0.81)
Interpersonal factors
Marital status (married)
Others
1.15 (1.05–1.25)
1.18 (0.85–1.65)
1.42 (0.94–2.14)
1.11 (1.02–1.20)
Usual source for care (yes)
No
1.29 (1.15–1.44)
1.34 (0.94–1.92)
1.47 (0.92–2.35)
1.23 (1.11–1.37)
Social factors
Education (4-year college or higher)
<High school
1.71 (1.47–1.98)
1.77 (1.14–2.74)
2.91 (1.55–5.46)
1.65 (1.41–1.92)
High school
1.35 (1.22–1.450)
1.34 (0.90–1.98)
1.95 (1.04–3.67)
1.33 (1.20–1.48)
Some college or technical education
1.14 (1.03–1.26)
1.13 (0.73–1.72)
2.12 (1.19–3.76)
1.10 (0.99–1.20)
Employment (employed)
Unemployed
0.98 (0.80–1.21)
0.95 (0.51–1.77)
0.60 (0.26–1.40)
1.06 (0.88–1.29)
Others (retired, homemakers, disabled, students)
0.93 (0.84–1.03)
0.93 (0.64–1.35)
0.67 (0.42–1.06)
0.97 (0.87–1.07)
Income (≥$50,000)
<$50,000
1.15 (1.02–1.29)
0.71 (0.41–1.23)
1.52 (0.91–2.56)
1.15 (1.04–1.27)
Income undisclosed
1.16 (1.00–1.32)
0.75 (0.39–1.46)
1.83 (0.92–3.61)
1.16 (1.02–1.31)
Region (west)
Northeast
0.96 (0.84–1.08)
0.81 (0.48–1.38)
0.82 (0.52–1.29)
1.00 (0.88–1.14)
Midwest
1.02 (0.91–1.15)
0.82 (0.49–1.36)
1.08 (0.69–1.67)
1.07 (0.96–1.19)
South
1.03 (0.91–1.16)
0.81 (0.48–1.38)
0.86 (0.51–1.46)
1.08 (0.96–1.22)
Samples were weighted to the US population; significant .
