Parent Training Interventions for Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Table 2

Effects of interventions.

(a)

Studies	Time of followup after intervention assessment	Certainty of evidence	Child outcomes
			Communication		Socioemotional    functioning	Other
			Expressive	Receptive
Drew et al., 2002 [38]	n/a	Preponderant	Mixed	Mixed	—	Symptom severity: none; Nonverbal IQ: none
Mahoney and Perales, 2003 [36]	n/a	Suggestive	—	—	Mixed	—
Mahoney and Perales, 2005 [37]	n/a	Suggestive	—	—	Mixed	Global development: positive
Wetherby and Woods, 2006 [39]	n/a	Suggestive	Mixed	Positive	—	—
Rocha et al., 2007 [40]	3 months	Preponderant	—	PI: positive; FU: mixed	—	—
Schertz and Odom, 2007 [41]	5 weeks	Suggestive	—	—	—	—
Vismara et al., 2009 [34]	Weekly over 4 weeks	Suggestive	PI: positive; FU: positive	—	—	—
Gulsrud et al., 2010 [42]	n/a	Suggestive	—	—	Mixed	—
Kasari et al., 2010 [43]	n/a	Conclusive	—	—	—	Play: mixed
Oosterling et al., 2010 [44]	n/a	Preponderant	None	None	—	—
Wong and Kwan, 2010 [45]	n/a	Preponderant	Mixed		Positive	Play: mixed
Carter et al., 2011 [46]	4 months	Conclusive	PI: none; FU: none	—	—	—
Rogers et al., 2012 [10]	n/a	Preponderant	None	None	—	Adaptive behaviors: none; Global development: none; Symptom severity: none
Green et al., 2013 [47]	n/a	Suggestive	Mixed	None	—	Symptom severity: none; Global development: mixed; Visual attention: mixed
Steiner et al., 2013 [48]	n/a	Suggestive	Positive	—	—	—

(b)

Studies	Parent outcomes				Parent-child interactions
	Fidelity of implementation	Stress	Satisfaction	Other	Parent’s engagement with child	Child’s engagement with parent
Drew et al., 2002 [38]	—	None	—	—	—	—
Mahoney and Perales, 2003 [36]	—	—	—	—	Mixed	Positive
Mahoney and Perales, 2005 [37]	—	—	—	—	Mixed	Positive
Wetherby and Woods, 2006 [39]	—	—	—	—	—	—
Rocha et al., 2007 [40]	Clinic PI: positive; Home PI: mixed	—	Positive	—	PI: positive; FU: none	PI: mixed; FU: mixed
Schertz and Odom, 2007 [41]	—	—	Positive	—	—	PI: mixed; FU: mixed
Vismara et al., 2009 [34]	PI: positive; FU: positive	—	—	—	—	PI: mixed; FU: mixed
Gulsrud et al., 2010 [42]	—	—	—	—	Positive	—
Kasari et al., 2010 [43]	Positive	—	—	—	—	Mixed
Oosterling et al., 2010 [44]	—	—	—	—	None	None
Wong and Kwan, 2010 [45]	—	Mixed	—	—	—	—
Carter et al., 2011 [46]	—	—	Positive	—	PI: mixed; FU: none	PI: none; FU: none
Rogers et al., 2012 [10]	Mixed	—	—	Therapeutic relationship: positive	—	—
Green et al., 2013 [47]	—	—	—	Social validity: positive	Mixed	—
Steiner et al., 2013 [48]	Positive	—	Positive	—	—	—

PI:postintervention.
FU: followup.