The Effects of Rhythm and Robotic Interventions on the Imitation/Praxis, Interpersonal Synchrony, and Motor Performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
(a) Demographic characteristics of children in the rhythm, robot, and comparison groups. (b) Baseline motor performance, adaptive behavior, and autism severity of children in rhythm, robot, and comparison groups.
(a)
Participant characteristics
Rhythm group M (SD)
Robot group M (SD)
Comparison group M (SD)
or value
value
Age
7.88 (2.56)
7.52 (2.22)
7.36 (2.02)
0.44
0.65
Gender
10 M, 2 F
11 M, 1 F
11 M, 1 F
0.56
0.76
Socioeconomic status
47.33 (10.86)
47.75 (8.75)
52.46 (10.37)
0.97
0.39
(b)
Participant characteristics
Rhythm group M (SD) and range
Robot group M (SD) and range
Comparison Group M (SD) and range
value
value
Adaptive behavior composite on the VABS
71.45 (11.75) 35 to 94
67.91 (15.01) 41 to 88
75.92 (18.43) 39 to 100
0.80
values > 0.5
Percentage of children with scores lower than 1 SD below the mean
81.82
90.91
66.67
Total motor scores on the MABC-2 checklist
30.92 (16.40) 7 to 62
37.5 (13.06) 3 to 50
30.5 (14.50) 8 to 50
1.45
values > 0.3
Percentage of children below age-based cut-off scores
75
83.33
66.67
ADOS-2 comparison score
8.5 (1.24) 6 to 10
7.92 (1.78) 5 to 10
8.42 (1.72) 5 to 10
0.46
values > 0.3
Note. On the VABS, higher scores indicate better functioning; on the MABC-2 caregiver checklist, higher scores indicate poor motor performance; on the ADOS-2, and higher comparison scores indicate high autism severity.
