Research Article

The Effects of Rhythm and Robotic Interventions on the Imitation/Praxis, Interpersonal Synchrony, and Motor Performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 4

A checklist to assess fidelity of the training sessions.

Checklist criteriaExemplar behaviors assessed

Eye contactTrainer and model elicit eye contact from child during social interactions

Ready response Trainer asks child if he/she is ready before each activity

Use of PECS boardTrainer takes child through the activities of the day using the PECS board

Session themeTrainer explains the theme of the session to the child
Example: “Today’s theme is turn taking. When I move you watch, and when I stop it is your turn to move”

Activity introduction using PECSTrainer introduces activity using picture boards
Example: “Let’s get ready for music making” while pointing at the picture for “music making”

Help with setupTrainer and model ask child to help with setup for each activity.
Example: “Can you pass that blue Lego block to me…”

Presentation of activityAt the beginning of each activity, trainer gives simple instructions for the activity
Example: “Now, we will copy the robot”

Activity-specific bidsAppropriate bids to promote motor and social communication skills during each activity were provided
Example: For building activity, “Let’s roll the Play-Doh into a ball. Roll with me”

Trials Trainer asks child to repeat each activity twice

Spontaneous exploration Trainer and model provide children with opportunities for free play and spontaneous exploration
Example: “It is free music time. You can play the drums in any way you want”

Social praise Trainer and model provide verbal and gestural praise to child as required

Help with cleanupTrainer and model ask child to help with cleanup of supplies after completion of each activity

Activity completionAfter each activity, trainer asks child to move down the picture for the activity on the PECS board

General characteristics in the sessionThe overall session is evaluated for the following characteristics:
number of activities completed, environmental arrangement (supplies in close proximity but out of the sight of the child to avoid distractions), and incremental prompts (visual, verbal, gestural, and lastly manual prompts/assistance provided if child is unable to perform the activity )

Trainer and model behaviorsThe trainer’s and model’s behaviors are evaluated for the following criteria on a scale of 1 to 5:
(i) appropriateness of instructions, prompts, and reinforcement,
(ii) voice and affect modulation,
(iii) appropriateness of movements

Child interestChild’s interest and compliance during session assessed on a scale of 1 to 5.