IVC Filters: Challenges and Future Directions

Table 1

IVC filter complications.

Perioperative complications
Improper placement	1.3%
Pneumothorax	0.02%
Hematoma	0.6%
Air embolism	0.2%
Arterial puncture	0.04%
Arteriovenous fistula	0.02%
Insertion site thrombosis	0.4–1.8%
Late complications
IVC thrombosis	2–9.5%
IVC penetration	4.4%
Migration	1–18%
Filter embolization	2–5%
Filter fracture	2–10%
Recurrent PE	1.3%
Recurrent DVT	6–36%
Mortality	0.12%

References: [16–20].