Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Patients with Vaginal Discharge: A 2019-2022 Analysis at the National Health Laboratory in Eritrea

Table 5

Multidrug resistance of gram-negative and gram-positive isolates from vaginal discharge.

Multidrugs		(%)	Citrobacter spp.	E. coli	Klebsiella spp.	Other gram -ve	Proteus spp.	S. aureus	Strep. spp.	value
Amp	R1	98 (57.0)	5 (71.4)	58 (66.7)	15 (78.9)	11 (78.6)	5 (83.3)	—	4 (40.0)	<0.001
Amp, CL	R2	36 (20.9)	5 (71.4)	19 (21.8)	2 (10.5)	6 (42.9)	4 (66.7)	—	—	<0.001
Amp, F	R2	22 (12.8)	—	7 (8.0)	8 (42.1)	4 (28.6)	3 (50.0)	—	—	<0.001
Amp, COT, TET	R3	49 (28.5)	2 (28.6)	32 (36.8)	6 (31.6)	4 (28.6)	5 (83.3)	—	—	<0.001
COT, PEN, ox	R3	11 (6.4)	—	—	—	—	—	11 (40.7)	—	<0.001
Amp, CL, TET, GEN	R4	16 (9.3)	2 (28.6)	9 (10.3)	2 (10.5)	1 (7.1)	2 (33.3)	—	—	0.122
Amp, CL, TET, GEN, CHL, CIP, COT, F	R8	4 (2.3)	—	—	1 (5.3)	1 (7.1)	2 (33.3)	—	—	<0.001

R₁: single drug resistance; R₂: double drug resistance; R₃-R₉: multidrug resistance; Amp: ampicillin; GEN: gentamicin; COT: co-trimoxazole; ERY: erythromycin; AMK: amikacin; CAZ: ceftazidime; PEN: penicillin; TET: tetracycline; SXT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; NAL: nalidixic acid; CIP: ciprofloxacin; CHL: chloramphenicol; CL: cephalexin; CRO: ceftriaxone; F: nitrofurantoin; CD: clindamycin; ox: oxacillin; Rif: rifampicin; Van: vancomycin.