As the overall world population is aging, along with the advanced development in industry, the treatment of disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS), especially CNS injuries and diseases, has become increasingly important. Associated pathological states include neuro-oncological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental diseases, disorders related to vessels or neural structures such as stroke, as well as traumatic injuries to the brain and spinal cord. All of these disorders present great challenges to communities, as they often leave many patients with disabilities. Eventually, society will experience the expensive cost of long-term health care.

Today, advancements in the development of molecular imaging techniques, bioinformatics analysis, artificial intelligence (AI)-based strategies, as well as molecular therapeutic targeting with gene and cell therapy have made early detection and precision treatment possible in the management of CNS injuries and diseases. The importance of strategies for detection and early prevention of disease progression is as significant as intervention at an advanced stage.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together leading research from multidisciplinary, cutting-edge perspectives on various theranostic insights in both basic and applied issues underlying recent advances in CNS injuries and diseases. Reviews and original research articles are welcomed.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Development of novel bench to bedside applications for the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcome of CNS injuries and diseases
• Risk or protective factors including neuroinflammation in cells, and innovative animal research for CNS injuries and diseases
• Structural or functional imaging that could reflect or predict the development of CNS injuries and diseases
• Potential pharmacological or other interventions for patients with CNS injuries and diseases
• Epidemiologic researches such as big data mining and processing of large database/registries and genomics interactions using bioinformatics approaches
• Meta-analysis or systematic reviews related to various CNS injuries and diseases