Solving the Traveling Salesman’s Problem Using the African Buffalo Optimization

Table 4

Comparative optimal results.

TSP instance	Optima	ABO			PSO			ACO			HPSACO
		Best	Avg	Err. %	Best	Avg	Err. %	Best	Avg	Err. %	Best	Avg	Err. %
att48	33522	33524	33579	0.16	33734	33982	0.63	33649	33731	0.62	33524	33667	0.16
st70	675	676	678.33	0.15	691.2	702.6	2.40	685.7	694.7	1.59	680.3	698.6	0.79
eil76	538	538	563.04	0.00	572.3	589.1	6.38	550.7	560.4	2.36	546.2	558.1	1.52
pr152	73682	73730	73990	0.07	75361	75405	2.28	74689	74936	1.37	74165	74654	0.66
gil262	2378	2378	2386	0.00	2513	2486	5.68	2463	2495	3.57	2413	2468	1.47
rd400	15281	15301	15304	5.00	16964	17024	11.01	16581	16834	8.51	16067	16513	5.14
pr1002	259045	259132	261608	0.03	278923	279755	7.67	269758	271043	4.14	267998	269789	3.46
d1291	50801	50839	50839	0.07	53912	54104	6.12	52942	53249	4.21	52868	52951	4.07
fnl4461	182566	182745	183174	0.10	199314	199492	9.17	192964	194015	5.70	191352	192585	4.81
brd14051	469385	469835	479085	0.10	518631	519305	10.49	505734	511638	7.74	498471	503594	6.20