Humans are entering an age of big data analysis and cognitive computing, and one of the most pressing issues in the complex big data environment is the discovery of new knowledge or the making of critical decisions using computational intelligence methods. Systems of Thought research encompasses all aspects of cognitive processes in both natural and artificial systems, with a focus on the processing and analysis of large, unstructured data sets. The main goal of a cognitive system is to refer to new hardware and/or software that mimics the functioning of the human brain and helps to improve human decision-making. It is a new type of research with the goal of developing more accurate models of how the human brain and mind senses, thinks, and responds to stimuli.

Researchers employ a variety of computational intelligence methods, such as deep learning technology, transfer learning technology, multi-task learning technology, cognitive computing technology, and some other emerging computational intelligence methods, to address a variety of challenges confronting the human cognitive system. Significant challenges include how to use big data to quickly build a human cognitive system, using deep learning to mine deep feature expressions of human cognitive systems, and how other emerging computational intelligence methods can be used to improve the performance of the human cognitive system. Solving these problems has become increasingly important for relevant researchers.

This Special Issue aims to collate original research and review articles describing advances in this field. We hope to solve the above problems through this Special Issue and provide a series of solutions in this field, and we welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Cognition from the perspective of systems neuroscience
• Big data for human cognitive systems
• Social networks for human cognitive systems
• Deep learning for human cognitive systems
• Transfer learning for human cognitive systems
• Cognitive computing for human cognitive systems
• Data mining and knowledge discovery for human cognitive systems
• Emerging computational intelligence methods for human cognitive systems
• Solution optimization for human cognitive systems