Research Article
Broad Learning Enhanced 1H-MRS for Early Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Table 5
Changes of major metabolite features detected in 1H-MRS in NPSLE patients vs. healthy controls.
| Brain region | Metabolites | HCs () | NPSLE () | value | AUC |
| RPCG | Cr | | | 0.274 | 0.591 | PCr | | | 0.035 | 0.588 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.391 | 0.432 | NAA | | | 0.478 | 0.457 | NAAG | | | 0.848 | 0.548 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.183 | 0.283 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.086 | 0.62 | mI | | | 0.274 | 0.557 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.165 | 0.567 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.039 | 0.492 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.249 | 0.466 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.322 | 0.398 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.953 | 0.389 |
| LPCG | Cr | | | 0.442 | 0.485 | PCr | | | 0.825 | 0.435 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.225 | 0.41 | NAA | | | 0.104 | 0.401 | NAAG | | | 0.249 | 0.444 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.005 | 0.66 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.006 | 0.658 | mI | | | 0.009 | 0.62 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.132 | 0.413 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.636 | 0.391 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.076 | 0.457 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.595 | 0.682 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.745 | 0.457 |
| RDT | Cr | | | 0.859 | 0.535 | PCr | | | 0.008 | 0.694 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.001 | 0.747 | NAA | | | 0.002 | 0.76 | NAAG | | | 0.058 | 0.576 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.636 | 0.435 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.004 | 0.639 | mI | | | 0.496 | 0.66 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.041 | 0.766 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.001 | 0.776 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.79 | 0.5 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.767 | 0.478 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.767 | 0.457 |
| LDT | Cr | | | 0.221 | 0.591 | PCr | | | 0.188 | 0.435 | Cr+Cr | | | 0.274 | 0.457 | NAA | | | 0.076 | 0.639 | NAAG | | | 0.002 | 0.673 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.255 | 0.598 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.003 | 0.735 | mI | | | 0.002 | 0.60 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.002 | 0.779 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.002 | 0.685 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.929 | 0.435 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.001 | 0.548 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.615 | 0.629 |
| RLN | Cr | | | 0.005 | 0.648 | PCr | | | 0.001 | 0.673 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.478 | 0.5 | NAA | | | 0.359 | 0.5 | NAAG | | | 0.515 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.225 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.478 | 0.5 | mI | | | 0.036 | 0.5 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.701 | 0.603 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.003 | 0.588 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.003 | 0.598 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.231 | 0.482 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.836 | 0.432 |
| LLN | Cr | | | 0.107 | 0.457 | PCr | | | 0.008 | 0.641 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.076 | 0.501 | NAA | | | 0.953 | 0.504 | NAAG | | | 0.124 | 0.526 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.722 | 0.557 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.88 | 0.651 | mI | | | 0.894 | 0.5 | mI/Cr+Cr | | | 0.036 | 0.478 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.007 | 0.601 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.001 | 0.541 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.132 | 0.435 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.344 | 0.5 |
| RI | Cr | | | 0.005 | 0.603 | PCr | | | 0.193 | 0.5 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.478 | 0.5 | NAA | | | 0.023 | 0.457 | NAAG | | | 0.124 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.615 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.261 | 0.5 | mI | | | 0.209 | 0.466 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.626 | 0.5 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.329 | 0.603 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.425 | 0.5 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.461 | 0.5 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.359 | 0.5 |
| RPWM | Cr | | | 0.442 | 0.5 | PCr | | | 0.008 | 0.5 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.859 | 0.5 | NAA | | | 0.657 | 0.5 | NAAG | | | 0.274 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG | | | 0.174 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.723 | 0.5 | mI | | | 0.329 | 0.5 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.165 | 0.622 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.132 | 0.495 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.01 | 0.576 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.261 | 0.432 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.104 | 0.535 |
| LPWM | Cr | | | 0.005 | 0.726 | PCr | | | 0.375 | 0.735 | Cr+PCr | | | 0.79 | 0.704 | NAA | | | 0.813 | 0.457 | NAAG | | | 0.036 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG | | | 1 | 0.5 | NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr | | | 0.225 | 0.5 | mI | | | 0.033 | 0.516 | mI/Cr+PCr | | | 0.679 | 0.548 | Cho+PCh | | | 0.132 | 0.603 | Cho+PCh/Cr+PCr | | | 0.091 | 0.603 | Glu+Gln | | | 0.515 | 0.5 | Glu+Gln/Cr+PCr | | | 0.813 | 0.5 |
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Metabolites with significant difference ( ). Metabolites for our model. Metabolites for our model and metabolites with significant difference ( ). |