Necrotizing ANCA-Positive Glomerulonephritis Secondary to Culture-Negative Endocarditis

Table 1

Characteristics of published cases of Bartonella endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis.

Case	Serum complement level		ANCA	Light microscopy	IF microscopy	Diagnostic	Therapy
	C3	C4
van Tooren et al. [9]	ND	ND	Negative	Diffuse proliferative GN; Focal crescents	ND	Serology	Antibiotics; Valvular surgery
Bookman et al. [10]; Case 1	↓	↓	Negative	Segmental necrosis; Crescents	IgM-dominant staining; C3 deposits	Serology	Prednisolone; Antibiotics
Bookman et al. [10]; Case 2	N	↓	Negative	Segmental necrosis; Crescents	IgM-dominant staining; C3 deposits	Serology	Prednisolone; Antibiotics; Valvular surgery
Bookman et al. [10]; Case 3	↓	↓	Negative	Segmental necrosis; Crescents	IgM-dominant staining; C3 deposits	Serology	Antibiotics; Valvular surgery
Turner et al. [11]	ND	ND	Anti-PR3	Focal crescents	IgA-dominant staining	PCR on; valvular tissue	Prednisolone; Cyclophosphamide; Antibiotics; Valvular surgery
Vikram et al. [12]	ND	ND	Anti-PR3	Segmental necrosis; Focal crescents	Pauci-immune	Serology; PCR on; valvular tissue	Prednisolone; Cyclophosphamide; Antibiotics; Valvular surgery
Forbes et al. [13]	↓	↓	Anti-PR3	Diffuse proliferative GN	IgG/C3/C1q	Serology	Antibiotics
Salvado et al. [14]	↓	N	Anti-PR3	Diffuse proliferative GN; Diffuse crescents	IgM/C3/C1q	Serology	Antibiotics
Khalighi et al. [15]	↓	↓	Anti-PR3	Diffuse proliferative GN; Focal crescents	IgM-dominant; staining; C3/C1q deposits	Serology; PCR on blood	Antibiotics; Prednisolone
Shah et al. [16]	ND	ND	Anti-PR3	Necrotizing; GN	Pauci-immune	Serology; Culture of valvular tissue	Prednisolone; Cyclophosphamide; Antibiotics; Valvular surgery
Present report	↓	N	Anti-PR3; and; anti-MPO	Focal/segmental; necrosis/crescents	IgM/C3/C1q	Serology; PCR on; valvular tissue	Prednisolone; Cyclophosphamide; Antibiotics; Valvular surgery

Ref. IF: immunofluorescence; GN: glomerulonephritis; N: normal; and ND: not determined.