Transnasal Endoscopic Treatment of Tension Pneumocephalus Caused by Posttraumatic or Iatrogenic Ethmoidal Damage

Table 1

Literature review research cases of TP associated with ethmoidal CSF leak.

Reference/year	Case #	Age (y)/sex	Primary diseases	Defect localization	Therapeutic approach to TP
Martínez-Capoccioni et al. 2014 [1]	1	49/M	—	Anterior ethmoid roof defect	Multilayer closure with a slice of cartilage and free middle turbinate mucosal graft, fibrin glue, and layers of Surgicel
	2	26/M	Nasal polyp	Ethmoid roof defect	Multilayer closure with a slice of septal cartilage, fibrin glue, and layers of Surgicel
	3	55/F	Nasal polyp	Cribriform plate defect	Cranial burr hole and multilayer closure with a slice of septal cartilage, fibrin glue, and Surgicel
	4	22/F	Nasal septum deviation	Skull base defect (back wall of the posterior ethmoid sinus)	Multilayer closure with free nasal septal perichondrium and cartilage grafts only, fibrin glue, and multiple layers of absorbable packing
Prüss et al. 2011 [16]	5	58/M	—	Cribriform plate defect	Release of intracranial tension, duraplastic procedure
Aksoy et al. 2013 [17]	6	53/F	Nasal polyp	Medial-medium part of the ethmoid roof defect	Frontal burr hole and multilayer closure with fascia lata and adipose tissue grafts
Clevens et al. 1994 [18]	7	62/M	Nasal polyp	Cribriform plate defect	Bifrontal craniotomy and lumbar drain
Whitmore et al. 2008 [19]	8	72/M	Chronic rhinosinusitis	Roof of the left ethmoid sinus	Multilayer closure with temporalis fascia graft, Avitene, Gelfoam, and a middle meatal spacer
Simmons and Luks 2013 [10]	9	89/M	—	Fovea ethmoidal bone defect bilateral	Cranial burr hole, multilayer closure
Wong et al. 2018 [20]	10	67/M	Nasal polyp	Defect of the lateral lamella and fovea ethmoidalis	Multilayer closure using synthetic inlay, an inferior turbinate-free mucosal graft onlay, and DuraSeal
Çelikoğlu et al. 2016 [21]	11	72/F	Nasal polyp	Anterior skull base defect	Bifrontal craniotomy and repair with galea and fibrin glue
Naraghi and Ghazizadeh 2012 [22]	12	52/M	Nasal septum deviation	Left cribriform plate defect	Cranial burr hole
Bly et al. 2014 [4]	13	89/M	Chronic rhinosinusitis	Ethmoid roof defect	Cranial burr hole, multilayer closure
McCormick et al. 2021 [23]	14	76/M	Chronic rhinosinusitis (balloon sinuplasty)	Left cribriform plate defect	Left-sided nasoseptal flap with fibrin sealant, Gelfoam, and finger cot
Çiçek and Tan 2021 [24]	15	—	Nasal septum deviation	Ethmoid roof defect	Conservative treatment
Dewaele et al. 2007 [25]	16	92/M	Trauma	Cribriform plate defect	Burr hole and multilayer closure with free autologous pericranium and fibrin glue
Zasler, 1999 [26]	17	26/M	Trauma	Right ethmoid fracture	Craniotomy and multilayer closure with fascia lata graft
Kim et al. 2022 [27]	18	81/M	Trauma	Left ethmoidal cribriform plate defect	Frontal burr hole and bone graft, a mucosal flap, and fibrin sealant
Chastanet et al. 2020 [28]	19	48/F	Nasal septum deviation	Cribriform plate	Conservative treatment
Lasoff et al. 2019 [29]	20	59/M	Graves’ disease	Left cribriform plate defect	Craniotomy and multilayer closure
Dalolio et al. 2022 [15]	21	37/M	Trauma	Multiple skull base defect within the anterior ethmoid defect	Multilayer closure