Novel Technique for Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephrectomy for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma with Renal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombi: Three Case Reports

Figure 3

Imaging and intraoperative findings of the cases of right renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with thrombus ((a, b) case 1 and (c, d) case 2). (a) Computed tomography demonstrated a renal tumor thrombus extending 0.5 cm into the inferior vena cava. (b) The tumor was pulled up within the renal vein using the vessel loop, and the renal vein was divided using the Endo GIA stapler. (c) Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a renal tumor thrombus within the renal vein. (d) The tumor was pulled up using the vessel loop, and the renal vein was divided using the Endo GIA stapler. Arrowheads indicate the tip of the tumor thrombus.

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