Renal Pseudoaneurysm with Associated Arteriovenous Fistula as a Cause of Delayed Bleeding after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Case Report and Current Literature Review

Table 1

POPVESL scoring system for calculating the likelihood of requiring vascular intervention for patients with delayed post-PNL bleeding.

P	O	P	V	E
Pseudoaneurysm	Open surgery on the same kidney	Postsurgery interval(≥8.5 days)	Vascular lesion diameter (≥7.5 mm)	Extra units of blood beyond initial stabilization
3 points	5 points	2 points	3 points	2 points per unit

Adapted from Shadpour et al. [2].