Determinants and Regression Equations for the Calculation of Scores of Left Ventricular Tissue Doppler Longitudinal Indexes in a Healthy Italian Pediatric Population

Table 3

Reference ranges of left ventricular longitudinal indexes according to age class, expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

	1-2 y ()	3-4 y ()	5-6 y ()	7-8 y ()	9–11 y ()	12–16 y ()
Septal (cm/s)	7.5 ± 0.9	7.8 ± 1.0	7.5 ± 1.0	7.9 ± 1.0	8.0 ± 0.9	8.6 ± 1.4
Septal (cm/s)	12.1 ± 1.9	12.9 ± 1.7	13.1 ± 2.2	13.4 ± 2.1	13.8 ± 1.7	13.8 ± 2.3
Septal (cm/s)	7.2 ± 1.6	6.6 ± 1.3	6.4 ± 1.6	6.3 ± 1.4	6.0 ± 1.1	6.4 ± 1.6
Septal ratio	1.8 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.5
Septal ratio	8.1 ± 1.4	7.7 ± 1.4	7.5 ± 1.6	6.9 ± 1.5	6.8 ± 1.4	6.7 ± 1.4
Lateral (cm/s)	8.1 ± 1.3	9.0 ± 1.5	9.5 ± 1.7	10.1 ± 2.5	10.6 ± 1.9	11.6 ± 2.8
Lateral (cm/s)	14.5 ± 2.2	16.4 ± 2.5	18.3 ± 2.9	18.2 ± 2.9	17.8 ± 3.1	18.1 ± 2.7
Lateral (cm/s)	7.2 ± 1.8	7.1 ± 1.5	7.1 ± 1.9	6.7 ± 1.7	6.7 ± 1.8	6.5 ± 1.6
Lateral ratio	2.1 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 0.7	2.8 ± 0.7	2.8 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 0.7
Lateral ratio	6.8 ± 1.3	6.1 ± 1.4	5.4 ± 1.2	5.1 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.0	5.1 ± 1.0
Average (cm/s)	7.8 ± 0.8	8.4 ± 1.1	8.5 ± 1.1	9.0 ± 1.6	9.3 ± 1.2	10.1 ± 1.9
Average (cm/s)	13.3 ± 1.7	14.6 ± 1.8	15.7 ± 1.7	15.8 ± 2.0	15.8 ± 1.9	16.0 ± 2.1
Average (cm/s)	7.2 ± 1.4	6.8 ± 1.2	6.7 ± 1.5	6.5 ± 1.4	6.3 ± 1.2	6.5 ± 1.4
Average ratio	1.9 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.6	2.5 ± 0.6	2.6 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.5
Average ratio	7.4 ± 1.2	6.8 ± 1.3	6.2 ± 1.2	5.8 ± 1.0	5.9 ± 0.9	5.8 ± 1.0

: peak late diastolic mitral annulus velocity; : peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity; : peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity; : peak systolic mitral annulus velocity.