The Modification Effect of Influenza Vaccine on Prognostic Indicators for Cardiovascular Events after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Observations from an Influenza Vaccination Trial

Table 1

Patients’ characteristics for MACEs and death.

Characteristics	Total; ()		Event-free (A); ()		MACEs; ()		P value	Survived; ()		Death; ()		P value
		%		%		%			%		%
Age (year)
≤65	219	49.9	194	51.5	25	40.3	0.131	216	51.3	3	16.7	0.006
>65	220	50.1	183	48.5	37	59.7		205	48.7	15	83.3
Male	249	56.7	218	57.8	31	50.0	0.270	243	57.7	6	33.3	0.052
HT	265	60.4	222	58.9	43	69.4	0.126	252	59.9	13	72.2	0.336
DM	134	30.5	113	30.0	21	33.8	0.553	127	30.2	7	38.9	0.440
Dyslipidemia	206	46.9	168	44.6	38	61.3	0.019	197	46.8	9	50.0	0.814
COPD	13	3.0	11	2.9	2	3.2	1.000	13	3.1	0	0.0	1.000
Smoking	48	11.0	45	11.9	3	4.8	0.123	48	11.4	0	0.0	0.241
Prior MI	18	4.1	15	4.0	3	4.8	0.729	18	4.3	0	0.0	1.000
CKD	20	4.6	15	3.9	5	8.1	0.181	20	4.8	0	0.0	1.000
SCr (mg/dL)
≤1.1	221	50.3	194	51.5	27	43.6	0.274	212	50.4	9	50.0	1.000
>1.1	218	49.7	183	48.5	35	56.5		209	49.6	9	50.0
Type of ACS
NSTEMI & UA	280	63.8	242	64.2	38	61.3	0.671	272	64.6	8	44.4	0.130
STEMI	159	36.2	135	35.8	24	38.7		149	35.4	10	55.6
Reperfusion or revascularization
No	164	37.4	141	37.4	23	37.1	1.000	158	37.3	6	33.3	0.808
Yes	275	62.6	236	62.6	39	62.9		263	62.5	12	66.7
LVEF (%)
>40	299	68.1	267	70.8	32	51.6	0.005	290	68.9	9	50.0	0.120
≤40	140	31.9	110	29.2	30	48.4		131	31.1	9	50.0
Medication
Aspirin	427	97.3	366	97.1	61	98.4	1.000	409	97.2	18	100.0	1.000
-blocker	325	74.0	281	74.5	44	71.0	0.536	311	73.9	14	77.8	1.000
CCB	72	16.4	63	16.7	9	14.5	0.853	69	16.4	3	16.7	1.000
ACE-I/ARB	257	58.5	229	60.7	28	45.2	0.026	250	59.4	7	38.9	0.093
Statin	293	66.7	252	66.8	41	66.1	1.000	283	67.2	10	55.6	0.315
Influenza vaccination	221	50.3	200	53.1	21	33.9	0.006	215	51.1	6	33.3	0.156

DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SCr, serum creatinine; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; MACEs, major adverse cardiovascular events; event-free (A), free events from MACEs.