The Use of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (Anakinra) in Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis: A Narrative Review

Figure 1

Mechanism of action of anakinra. Both IL-1α and IL-1β act through IL-1 receptor 1 to stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines and TNFα that lead to the inflammatory cascade. The inflammasome is a complex of distinct proteins which together convert inactive prointerleukin-1β to active IL-1β. Environmental and infectious triggers can mediate the formation of the inflammasome. Anakinra blocks IL-1 receptor 1, antagonizing the effects of both IL-1α and IL-1β. ASC: Apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing caspase activation and recruitment domain, IL: interleukin, IL-1-R1: interleukin-1 receptor 1, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NLRP3: NOD-Like Receptor containing pyrin domain 3.