Research Article
Long-Term Outcomes of Bovine versus Porcine Mitral Valve Replacement: A Multicenter Analysis
Table 2
Baseline patient characteristics after propensity score matching.
| | Characteristics | Matched cohort | | Pericardial | Porcine | Abs. std. diff |
| | Number of procedures | N = 432 | N = 432 | | | Procedure type | | | 0.023 | | Valve | 207 (47.9%) | 212 (49.1%) | | | CABG/valve | 225 (52.1%) | 220 (50.9%) | | | Age in years, % by group | | <60 years | 44 (10.2%) | 37 (8.6%) | 0.056 | | 60–69 years | 102 (23.6%) | 115 (26.6%) | 0.069 | | 70–79 years | 219 (50.7%) | 212 (49.1%) | 0.032 | | ≥80 years | 67 (15.5%) | 68 (15.7%) | 0.006 | | Mean | 71.4 (9.4) | 72.0 (8.9) | 0.059 | | Female sex, % | 223 (51.6%) | 224 (51.9%) | 0.005 | | Body surface area, % | | <1.70 | 88 (20.4%) | 94 (21.8%) | 0.034 | | 1.70–1.99 | 193 (44.7%) | 185 (42.8%) | 0.037 | | ≥2.00 | 151 (35.0%) | 153 (35.4%) | 0.010 | | Mean | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | 0.015 | | Preoperative WBC >12,000 μ/L, % | 36 (8.3%) | 35 (8.1%) | 0.008 | | Prior PCI, % | 51 (11.8%) | 53 (12.3%) | 0.014 | | Prior CABG, % | 26 (6.0%) | 23 (5.3%) | 0.030 | | Comorbid disease, % | | Vascular disease | 99 (22.9%) | 104 (24.1%) | 0.027 | | Diabetes | 117 (27.1%) | 116 (26.9%) | 0.005 | | COPD | 106 (24.5%) | 105 (24.3%) | 0.005 | | Atrial fibrillation | 172 (39.8%) | 175 (40.5%) | 0.014 | | Congestive heart failure | 268 (62.0%) | 255 (59.0%) | 0.062 | | Dialysis or creatinine ≥2 mg/dL | 26 (6.0%) | 23 (5.3%) | 0.030 | | NYHA class 4 | 89 (20.6%) | 83 (19.2%) | 0.035 | | Prior stroke | 29 (6.7%) | 34 (7.9%) | 0.044 | | Ejection fraction, (%) | | <40 | 40 (9.3%) | 37 (8.6%) | 0.024 | | 40–49 | 63 (14.6%) | 57 (13.2%) | 0.040 | | 50–59 | 75 (17.4%) | 90 (20.8%) | 0.088 | | ≥60 | 207 (47.9%) | 196 (45.4%) | 0.051 | | Missing | 47 (10.9%) | 52 (12.0%) | 0.036 | | Mean | 55.9 (13.6) | 56.1 (12.2) | 0.021 | | Coronary artery disease, % | 323 (74.8%) | 323 (74.8%) | <0.001 | | Left main stenosis ≥50% | 41 (9.5%) | 43 (10.0%) | 0.016 | | Number of diseased vessels | | 1 | 55 (12.7%) | 55 (12.7%) | 0.005 | | 2 | 237 (54.9%) | 236 (54.6%) | 0.021 | | 3 | 53 (12.3%) | 56 (13.0%) | 0.012 | | Valve only | 87 (20.1%) | 85 (19.7%) | <0.001 | | Myocardial infarction ≤ 7 days | 22 (5.1%) | 32 (7.4%) | 0.096 | | Valve disease, % | | Stenosis or regurgitation | 332 (76.9%) | 341 (78.9%) | 0.050 | | Stenosis and regurgitation | 100 (23.1%) | 91 (21.1%) | 0.050 | | Priority at surgery, % | | Elective | 242 (56.0%) | 239 (55.3%) | 0.014 | | Urgent | 170 (39.4%) | 173 (40.0%) | 0.014 | | Emergency | 20 (4.6%) | 20 (4.6%) | <0.001 |
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COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cells; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ASD, absolute standard difference.
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