Long-Term Outcomes of Bovine versus Porcine Mitral Valve Replacement: A Multicenter Analysis

Table 3

In-hospital outcomes by valve tissue type.

Variables	Overall			Matched cohort
	Pericardial	Porcine	value	Pericardial	Porcine	Abs. std. diff
Number of procedures	N = 801	N = 483		N = 432	N = 432
Return to OR for bleeding, %	52 (6.5%)	43 (8.9%)	0.11	26 (6.0%)	40 (9.3%)	0.12
Stroke, %	26 (3.2%)	12 (2.5%)	0.44	16 (3.7%)	8 (1.9%)	0.11
Acute kidney injury, %	84 (10.5%)	58 (12.0%)	0.4	50 (11.6%)	48 (11.1%)	0.01
Mediastinitis, %	9 (1.1%)	3 (0.6%)	0.36	6 (1.4%)	3 (0.7%)	0.07
Pneumonia, %	65 (8.1%)	34 (7.0%)	0.48	34 (7.9%)	29 (6.7%)	0.04
Length of stay, median (IQR) days	8.0 (6.0–13.0)	8.0 (6.0–14.0)	0.32	9.0 (6.0–13.0)	8.0 (6.0–13.5)	0.04
In-hospital mortality	92 (11.5%)	60 (12.4%)	0.61	59 (13.7%)	50 (11.6%)	0.06
30-day mortality	98 (12.2%)	61 (12.6%)	0.84	61 (14.1%)	51 (11.8%)	0.07