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| Guideline | Physical exercise | Class of recommendation and level of evidence |
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| 2017 ACC [10] | Increased physical activity with a structured exercise program is recommended for adults with elevated BP or hypertension | I A |
| (i) Aerobic: 90–150 min/wk, 65%–75% heart rate reserve |
| (ii) Dynamic resistance: 90–150 min/wk, 50%–80% 1 repetition maximum, 6 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 10 repetitions/set |
| (iii) Isometric resistance: 4 × 2 min (hand grip), 1 min rest between exercises, 30%–40% maximum voluntary contraction, 3 sessions/wk, 8–10 wk |
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| 2018 ESC [11] | Regular aerobic exercise (e.g., at least 30 min of moderate dynamic exercise on 5–7 days per week) is recommended | I A |
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| 2019 NICE [12] | Ask about people’s diet and exercise patterns because a healthy diet and regular exercise can reduce blood pressure | NA |
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| 2020 CAN [13] | (i) For nonhypertensive individuals (to reduce the possibility of becoming hypertensive) or for hypertensive patients (to reduce their BP and to prescribe the accumulation of 30−60 minutes of moderate-intensity dynamic exercise) (e.g., walking, jogging, cycling, or swimming) on 4–7 days per week in addition to the routine activities of daily living | Grade D |
| (ii) Higher intensities of exercise are not more effective |
| (iii) For nonhypertensive or hypertensive individuals with SBP/DBP of 140–159/90–99 mmHg, the use of resistance or weight training exercise (such as free-weight lifting, fixed-weight lifting, or handgrip exercise) does not adversely influence BP |
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| 2020 ISH [14] | Studies suggest that regular aerobic and resistance exercise may be beneficial for both the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (walking, jogging, cycling, yoga, or swimming) for 30 minutes on 5–7 days per week or HIIT (high-intensity interval training) which involves alternating short bursts of intense activity with subsequent recovery periods of lighter activity. Strength training also can help reduce blood pressure. Performance of resistance/strength exercises on 2-3 days per week | NA |
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