Solid tumors are among the most common types of cancer, seriously endangering human life and health. The clinical treatment of solid tumors mainly relies on surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, these methods often cannot eradicate the tumor, leading to tumor recurrence and progression. The occurrence and development of solid tumors involves a large number of gene mutations and chromatin structural variations, and due to the complexity of this process, the pathogenesis is not fully understood.

In the process of personalized treatment, tumor biomarkers can be used for early screening, clinical staging, and tumor diagnosis, as well as for prognosis, treatment monitoring, and efficacy judgment. Tumor biomarkers can also be used as targets for treatment prediction and tumor therapy. Improving the pertinence of treatment improves the cure rate, reducing unnecessary suffering in patients. Significant advances have been made in understanding cancer at the molecular level, which in turn advances the development of targeted therapy and precision therapy for cancer, raising hopes for successful cancer treatments. New targets and biomarkers for tumor therapy cover a wide range and have been the subject of much attention. However, there is no consensus on their development and some doubt on the role of tumor markers. There are three main types of tumor markers: prognostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic, each of which may develop into anticancer drugs. There have been some successful cases of using targeted molecules to classify tumors, such as chronic leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung cancer, and multitype glioblastoma. However, the lack of effective target evaluation strategies limits the application of target molecules. The solution is to continue to find new targets and biomarkers for solid tumors. The use of reliable biomarkers to distinguish patients who are likely to benefit from a particular treatment regimen.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather the latest research into the discovery of novel biomarkers and targets for the early screening, staging, diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment monitoring of solid tumors. We welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Tumor immunogenic biomarkers and targets
• Biomarkers and new targets related to the tumor microenvironment
• Markers and new targets related to adverse immune events
• MicroRNA as a tumor diagnostic and prognostic marker
• LncRNA as a tumor diagnostic and prognostic marker
• CircRNA as a tumor diagnostic and prognostic marker
• Tumor markers to guide the clinical treatment of tumors
• Tumor markers to guide the detection of antitumor drug sensitivity
• Tumor markers and new targets to guide precision medicine