Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 2013 / Article / Tab 4 / Research Article
Influence of Propolis on Hygiene, Gingival Condition, and Oral Microflora in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances Table 4 Frequency of bacterial species in propolis group and control group in baseline and final study.
Bacterial species Propolis group
Control group
Baseline Final study Baseline Final study % % % % Gram+ Facultative anaerobic Streptococcus spp. 90.4 85.7 90.0 100.0 S. mitis 57.10 61.9 55.0 60.0 S. salivarius 19.04 9.52 25.0 20.0 S. vestibularis 19.04 9.52 20.0 30.0 S. oralis 19.04 9.52 15.0 10.0 S. sanguinis 0.00 9.52 10.0 20.0 Actinomyces spp. 28.57 9.52* 30.0 40.0 Actinomyces israelii 19.00 0.00* 15.0 25.0 Anaerobic Bifidobacterium spp. 23.80 23.80 30.0 25.0 Eubacterium spp. 4.76 0.00 10.0 10.0 Gemella morbillorum 9.52 0.00 15.0 15.0 Clostridium spp. 14.28 9.52 0.00 0.00 Gram− Facultative anaerobic Neisseria spp. 90.4 95.2 95.0 90.0 Capnocytophaga spp. 19.04 0.00* 15.0 10.0 Enterobacter kobei 0.00 0.00 5.0 5.0 Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.00 0.00 10.0 10.0 Klebsiella oxytoca 4.76 9.52 5.0 10.0 Anaerobic Veillonella spp. 23.80 23.80 20.0 25.0 Mitsuokella spp. 9.52 4.76 0.00 0.00 Bacteroides spp. 9.52 9.52 0.0 10.0 Fusobacterium spp. 14.28 0.00 25.0 30.0 Candida Candida albicans 9.52 9.52 15.0 15.0
Significance
compared with baseline.