Panax Quinquefolius Saponin of Stem and Leaf Attenuates Intermittent High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury in Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway

Table 1

Effects of PQS on SOD and MDA levels (𝑛=5).

Group	SOD; U/mg protein	MDA; nmol/mg protein
NG	53.8±7.62	24±2.41
HG	30.81±6.97^∗#	39.9±7.18^∗#
IHG	20.73±3.75^∗	47.16±7.77^∗
IHG + PQS (0.05 mg/mL)	32.69±2.66^#	39.15±6.86^#
IHG + PQS (0.05 mg/mL) + LY	21.41±2.05^▴	52±4.72^▴
IHG + PQS (0.1 mg/mL)	35.9±3.37^#	33.11±3.07^#
IHG + PQS (0.1 mg/mL) + LY	17.66±5.93^▴	44.2±3.66^▴

Note: ^∗𝑃<0.01 versus NG; ^#𝑃<0.01 versus IHG. ^▴𝑃<0.01 versus IHG + PQS (0.05 mg/mL or 0.1 mg/mL).