Novel Antidepressant-Like Activity of Propolis Extract Mediated by Enhanced Glucocorticoid Receptor Function in the Hippocampus

Figure 1

Effects of propolis extract on depressive-like behaviors during the FST. Vehicle (1 mL/kg saline), propolis extract (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg), or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) was orally administered 24, 12, and 1 h prior to FST procedure. Immobility (a), swimming (b), and climbing time (c) were recorded during a 5 min test session. The columns and error bars represent means ± SEM (𝑛=10 per group). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. P50: propolis extract (50 mg/kg); P100: propolis extract (100 mg/kg); P200: propolis extract (200 mg/kg). ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus vehicle.

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