Neuromuscular Damage and Repair after Dry Needling in Mice

Table 2

Minor nerve injuries in the bibliography. We selected studies using nerve injury without separation of the nerve ends, such as crush and neurotoxic. The nerve crush consists of compression with forceps around the nerve for a few seconds. The resultant injury is damaged in all axons without separation of the ends (Lopez-Vales et al., 2008 [19]; Rich and Lichtman, 1989 [17]; Verhaagen et al., 1988 [18]). Similarly, the neurotoxic acrylamide affects all axons without affecting the connective tissue (DeGrandchamp et al., 1990 [20]). Since nerve injury is far from the synaptic contact, some periods are longer than those found in our study. For example, in the report of Lopez-Vales and coworkers [19], the site of sciatic nerve injury was about 45 mm away from the muscle.

Nerve/animal	Nerve of sternomastoid muscle/mice	Nerve of soleus muscle/mice	Sciatic nerve/mice	Sciatic nerve/rat	LAL intramuscular nerve/mice
	[17]	[18]	[19]	[20]	(this study)
Type of lesion	Crush	Crush	Crush	Injection acrylamide	Dry needling
Neurofilament digestion		3th day		4th day	1st day
Phagocytosis of axon	2nd day; (area of injury)	6th day; (area of injury)	2nd day; (area of injury)		2nd day
Reoccupation of postsynaptic component/functional recovery	11th day	8–12 days	21th day	7th day	3th day
Residual growth cones	11th day			7th day	5–7th days