Updates on Antiobesity Effect of Garcinia Origin (−)-HCA

Table 3

Summary of clinical studies of Garcinia/HCA that have shown significant antiobesity effect.

Duration	Subject	Treatment	Outcome	References
10 days	44 healthy volunteers	4 g for the 1st day followed by 3 g until day 10.	Not recorded	[59]
11 days	Normal, groups: placebo, HCA of total 10 sedentary male under high-fat diet	1500 mg HCA daily	No significant effects on body weight gain, appetite-related, and plasma parameters but decreased fat deposition; **Comments: suggest that (−)-HCA may reduce net fat deposition from de novo lipogenesis during weight gain	[60]
2 weeks	BMI 27.5, groups: placebo, HCA of 24 subjects each (12 males, 12 females)	300 mg HCA	Reduced of energy intake and slight decreased of body weight	[61]
4 weeks	Obese, hypocaloric diet, groups: placebo, 1 capsule, 2 capsule, (50 subjects each group)	55 mg G. cambogia + 19 mg chromium + 240 mg chitosan/day	Weight loss associated with lower TC/LDL and higher HDL	[62]
8 weeks	BMI 25–35, groups: placebo, treatment of 20 each	1000 mg HCA/day	Reduced of visceral and subcutaneous fat area	[63]
8 weeks	Moderate obese, groups: placebo, HCA-SX, HCA-SX + NBC + GSE of total 60	HCA-SX 4667 mg (60% HCA), 4667 mg HCA-SX + 400 𝜇g niacin-bound chromium + 400 mg Gymnema sylvestre extract	Significant (𝑃<0.05) decrease in BMI, food intake, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and serum leptin levels, increase in high-density lipoprotein levels, and enhanced excretion of urinary fat metabolites (biomarker of fat oxidation, including malondialdehyde, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and acetone) in HCA and HCA-NBC-GSE groups	[16]
8 weeks	BMI 30–50, groups: placebo, 2800 mg HCA; 2800 mg HCA + 400 𝜇g chromium of 30 subjects each	2800 mg HCA; 2800 mg of HCA-SX + 400 𝜇g chromium + 100 mg gymnemic acid/day	Decreased of body weight, BMI, LDL, and TG and increased fat oxidation	[64]
8 weeks	Normal, group: 35 healthy subjects on diets 1000, 1200, or 1500 kcal	1500 mg G. cambogia extract daily	Significant reduction of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and body weight associated with reduced appetite	[65]
8 weeks	Obese, groups: placebo and treatment of total 50 F	3.45 g G. atroviridis	Significant reduction of body weight, BMI, body fat, lean body mass, and anthropometric parameters (biceps, subscapular, suprailiac crest skinfold thicknesses, and upper arm circumference) but no change of serum lipid profile	[66]
60 days	Over weight to obese, groups: placebo and treatment of total 58	285 mg (−)-HCA in Slim339 G. cambogia extract daily	Significant reduced of body weight (4.7%)	[67]
12 weeks	BMI 27.5–39, groups: placebo and treatment (18 females/2 males each) of total 40	300 mg G. cambogia + 1200 mg Phaseolus vulgaris + 1200 mg inulin/day	Significant body weight lost (3.5 kg versus 1.2 kg)	[68]
12 weeks	BMI ~28, groups: placebo: 47; treatment: 42	2400 mg G. cambogia/day	Significant body weight lost	[69]