Updates on Antiobesity Effect of Garcinia Origin (−)-HCA

Table 4

Summary of clinical studies of Garcinia/HCA that have shown none significant antiobesity effect.

Duration	Subject	Treatment	Outcome	References
1 day	Normal, groups: placebo, HCA of total 10 cyclists	4300 g HCA	No significant changes in total fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates	[70]
2 weeks	Normal-moderately obese, group: placebo, HCA, and HCA + MCT of total 7 males and 14 females	500 mg HCA; 500 mg HCA + 3 g medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT)	No significant differences in satiety, daily energy intake and body weight loss within all groups; **Comment: subjects were under negative energy balance conditions (eliminating the possibility of de novo lipogenesis and reservation of glycogen reserves had occurred; thus, the only possible remaining mechanism increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation)	[71]
2 weeks	Normal-moderately obese, groups: placebo, HCA, and HCA + MCT of total 11 male	500 mg HCA; 500 mg HCA + 3 g medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT)	No significant differences in body weight reduction, EE, appetite ratings, and substrates oxidation (protein, fat, and carbohydrate oxidation) within all groups; **Comment: 2-week intervention is too short	[41]
2 weeks	Normal-moderately obese, groups: placebo, HCA of total 10 sedentary males, with or without moderately intense exercise	3 g (−)-HCA daily	No significant difference in RQ, EE, and blood parameters during rest nor during exercise	[42]
8 weeks	39 subjects	1500 mg G. cambogia + 300 𝜇g chromium picolinate/day	No significant difference in control and placebo	[72]
10 weeks	Overweight, groups: treatment: 29; placebo: 29	2 g G. cambogia extract daily	No clinically significant differences in body composition, plasma lipid profiles, antioxidant enzyme activity, and plasma adipocytokines	[73]
12 week	Obese, treatment: 5 M, 61 F; placebo: 14 M, 55 F	G. cambogia extract: 3000 mg of (50% of HCA); Diet: 5020 kJ/day (1200 kcal/day)	No significant difference in body weight and fat mass loss	[40]
12 weeks	Obese, groups: treatment: 36 F, 11 M; placebo: 41 F, 10 M	Botanical extract (1000 mg HCA daily)	No difference between placebo and treatment group but significant change of the body composition improvement index, body free fat mass, weight, BMI, and some other anthropometric measurements in both treatment and placebo groups	[74]
12 weeks	Obese, groups: treatment: 25 F, 7 M; placebo: 21 F, 5 M.	2.4 g G. cambogia (52.4% HCA) + 1.5 g A. konjac (94.9% glucomannan)	No significantvariation in body weight/other anthropometric and calorimetric parameters but significant hypercholesterolemic	[75]
12 weeks	BMI 28, groups: placebo: 23; treatment: 21	1,667.3 mg of G. cambogia extract/day (1,000 mg HCA/day)	No significant effect	[76]