Normal-moderately obese, group: placebo, HCA, and HCA + MCT of total 7 males and 14 females
500 mg HCA; 500 mg HCA + 3 g medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT)
No significant differences in satiety, daily energy intake and body weight loss within all groups **Comment: subjects were under negative energy balance conditions (eliminating the possibility of de novo lipogenesis and reservation of glycogen reserves had occurred; thus, the only possible remaining mechanism increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation)
Normal-moderately obese, groups: placebo, HCA, and HCA + MCT of total 11 male
500 mg HCA; 500 mg HCA + 3 g medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT)
No significant differences in body weight reduction, EE, appetite ratings, and substrates oxidation (protein, fat, and carbohydrate oxidation) within all groups **Comment: 2-week intervention is too short
Obese, groups: treatment: 36 F, 11 M; placebo: 41 F, 10 M
Botanical extract (1000 mg HCA daily)
No difference between placebo and treatment group but significant change of the body composition improvement index, body free fat mass, weight, BMI, and some other anthropometric measurements in both treatment and placebo groups