Long-Term Exercise and Risk of Metabolic and Cardiac Diseases: The Erlangen Fitness and Prevention Study

Table 3

Intention to treat analysis: changes in the exercise and control groups for primary and secondary study endpoints.

	Exercise; MV (SD); 𝑛=86	Control; MV (SD); 𝑛=51	Absolute difference; MV (95% CI)	P	Effect size (d)
10-year CHD risk
Baseline (%)	8.42±3.14	7.49±2.72	—	—	—
12 y follow-up (%)	10.24±3.22	11.69±2.80	3.89	—	—
Risk changes (%)	1.80±2.16^∗∗∗	4.23±3.10^∗∗∗	2.44 (1.55 to 3.33)	0.001	0.91
Metabolic syndrome Z-score
Baseline (%)	−2.47±2.39	−3.54±2.60	—	—	—
12 y follow-up (%)	−2.72±3.09	−2.07±3.44	—	—	—
Changes (%)	−0.25±1.44^n.s.	1.47±1.76^∗∗∗	1.72 (1.17 to 2.27)	0.001	1.07
10-year myocardial infarction/cardiac death risk (hard 10-year CHD risk)
Baseline (%)	1.71±1.11	1.62±1.20	—	—	—
12 y follow-up (%)	3.02±1.56	4.18±1.61	—	—	—
Risk changes (%)	1.31±1.35^∗∗∗	2.55±1.40^∗∗∗	1.23 (0.76 to 1.72)	0.001	0.90

Significance (P) for within-group effects: ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001; n.s.: nonsignificant.