Acupuncture-Evoked Response in Somatosensory and Prefrontal Cortices Predicts Immediate Pain Reduction in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Table 1

Brain response to electroacupuncture.

Region	Side	Cluster size	𝑃 value	max_𝑧		MNI (mm)
					𝑋	𝑌	𝑍
Nonflipped analysis
Local
S2	R	4813	3.48𝐸−15	5.2	66	−20	26
a.Ins	R			3.5	36	16	4
p.Ins	R			3.58	44	−16	19
IPL	R			4.79	58	−28	28
STG	R			4.31	56	12	4
MTG	R			3.18	56	−50	3
S2	L	4750	4.83𝐸−15	4.64	−62	−22	20
S1	L			2.74	−54	−22	44
a.Ins	L			4.02	−40	−2	−4
S1	R	1671	6.56𝐸−07	−3.78	36	−26	52
cuneus	L	3603	2.55𝐸−12	−4.05	−16	−90	30
Distal
p.Ins	R	2639	2.6𝐸−10	4.02	34	−18	16
a.Ins	R			4	31	25	−1
IFG	R			2.96	45	13	26
S2	R	1394	2.5𝐸−6	4.47	50	−26	26
STG	R			3.07	57	−37	17
S2	L	3653	4.31𝐸−13	4.41	−58	−26	22
MFG	L			3.0	−50	2	15
SMG	L			3.23	−55	−37	41
IPL	L			4.18	−53	−34	27
a.Ins	L			3.63	−32	20	2
p.Ins	L			3.69	−36	−20	12
Sham
None
Verum
S2	R	7869	2.57𝐸−20	6.53	62	−24	28
SMG	R			4	60	−29	38
STG	R			4.6	60	−38	18
a.Ins	R			4.8	38	22	−2
p.Ins	R			5.3	40	−6	−4
PMC	R			4.8	50	8	40
ITG	R	2633	3.18𝐸−09	−4	44	−70	−6
OCG	R			−3.9	18	−94	28
S1	R	2233	5.96𝐸−08	−4.33	42	−22	50
S1	R			−3.8	22	−28	66
pSMA	R	602	9.15𝐸−03	3.74	4	8	60
SFG	R			3.1	4	24	46
MFG	R			3.95	42	40	12
IFG	R			5.6	56	12	4
MPFC	R	945	4.07𝐸−04	−3.56	4	58	10
Thalamus	R	563	0.0135	3.96	10	−14	8
Thalamus	L			3.79	−10	−18	10
S2	L	7029	9.15𝐸−19	6.34	−62	−28	24
PMC	L			4.4	−55	3	3
SMG	L			5.3	−54	−43	28
STG	L			6.3	−62	−28	24
a.Ins	L			4.83	−34	14	4
p.Ins	L			5.4	−40	0	−4
OCG	L	924	4.87𝐸−04	−3.74	−22	−86	32
Flipped analysis
Local
S1	R	1885	1.19𝐸−07	−3.84	38	−26	50
S1	L	5566	5.89𝐸−17	3.79	−54	20	43
Distal
M1	L	3798	1.49𝐸−13	2.51	−52	−6	39
Sham
None
Verum
S1	R	2419	1.02𝐸−08	−4.32	40	−22	48
S1	L	7502	8.89𝐸−20	7.05	−62	−20	22
Thalamus	R	588	0.01	4.77	10	−16	8
Thalamus	L			3.65	−14	−14	8

Note: PMC: premotor cortex, MPFC: medial prefrontal cortex, S1: primary somatosensory cortex, S2: secondary somatosensory cortex, SMG: supramarginal gyrus, SFG: superior frontal gyrus, MFG: middle frontal gyrus, IFG: inferior frontal gyrus, pSMA: presupplementary motor area, STG: superior temporal gyrus, MTG: middle temporal gyrus, ITG: inferior temporal gyrus, a.Ins: anterior insula, p.Ins: posterior insula, OCG: occipital gyrus, IPL: inferior parietal lobe.
Nonflipped analysis: group map with the original orientation of the data as acquired from the scanner. Flipped analysis: subjects with left-sided lesions had their fMRI data flipped across the midsagittal plane to evaluate brain regions known to be lateralized relative to somatosensory stimulation (i.e., S1, M1, thalamus). Cluster size represents the number of voxels in the cluster. “𝑃 value” represents the cluster probability. “max_𝑧” represents normalized probability. “𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧” represent the MNI coordinates of the region’s peak voxel from the cluster.