Acupuncture-Evoked Response in Somatosensory and Prefrontal Cortices Predicts Immediate Pain Reduction in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Table 2

Difference map of brain response to electro-acupuncture.

Region	Side	Cluster size	𝑃 value	max_𝑧		MNI (mm)
					𝑋	𝑌	𝑍
Nonflipped analysis
Local-Sham
ITG	R	1434	3.0𝐸−5	−3.55	44	−70	−2
IFG	R	574	0.0207	3.63	56	14	4
S2	L	1111	2.61𝐸−4	4.23	−62	−22	20
p.Ins	L		0.0155	2.42	−38	−16	10
S2	R	826	0.00237	4.05	66	−20	26
FIC	R		0.0033	2.94	46	0	6
IPL	R		0.0017	3.13	58	−28	28
STG	R		0.0004	3.56	56	12	4
Distal-sham
PCC	R	653	0.0102	−3.3	10	−60	18
S2	L	544	0.0273	3.77	−58	−24	18
IPL	L		0.0026	3.01	−52	−34	26
S2	R	489	0.0457	3.46	58	−18	14
IPL	R		0.0065	2.72	52	−34	28
Local-distal
None
Verum-sham
PCC	R	516	0.0354	−3.45	12	−58	14
PCC/precuneus	L	507	0.0385	−3.3	−10	−70	20
Insula	R	879	0.00154	3.38	40	−4	−6
S2	L	1187	1.49𝐸−4	4.43	−60	−22	20
SMG	L		0.0016	3.15	−54	−34	30
STG	L		0.0001	3.98	−62	−28	24
p.Ins	L		0.0083	2.64	−38	−20	8
S2	R	897	0.00134	4.27	62	−18	20
a.Ins	R		0.0045	2.84	30	22	8
Flipped analysis
Local-sham
S1	R	763	0.00401	−3.46	40	−28	52
Distal-sham
None
Local-distal
None
Verum-sham
S1	R	698	0.00698	−3.45	42	−22	48

Note: PCC: posterior cingulate cortex, IFG: inferior frontal gyrus, S1: primary somatosensory cortex, S2: secondary somatosensory cortex, IFG: inferior frontal gyrus, ITG: inferior temporal gyrus, FIC: frontal insula cortex, STG: superior temporal gyrus, MTG: middle temporal gyrus, a.Ins: anterior insula, p.Ins: posterior insula, IPL: inferior parietal lobe. Nonflipped analysis: difference map with the original orientation of the data as acquired from the scanner. Flipped analysis: subjects with left-sided lesions had their fMRI data flipped across the midsagittal plane to evaluate brain regions known to be lateralized relative to somatosensory stimulation (i.e., S1, M1, thalamus). Cluster size represents the number of voxels in the cluster. “𝑃 value” represents the cluster probability. “max_𝑧” represents normalized probability. “𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧” represent the MNI coordinates of the region’s peak voxel from the cluster.