Ginseng Extracts Restore High-Glucose Induced Vascular Dysfunctions by Altering Triglyceride Metabolism and Downregulation of Atherosclerosis-Related Genes

Table 2

PCR array analysis of expression change in selected atherosclerosis-related genes.

Gene name	Fold change^#
	Diabetes	PPD-fed diabetic group (30 mg/kg/day)	PPT-fed diabetic group (30 mg/kg/day)
Adhesion molecules
Selectin (platelet)	+2.33	+1.18	+1.29
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1	+2.06	+1.46	+1.46
Macrophages
Chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 2	+2.49	+0.56	+0.47
Chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 1	+3.19	+0.89	+0.58
Interleukin 1 receptor, type II	+3.28	+1.22	+1.38
Interleukin 3	+0.95	+0.48	+0.82
Interleukin 4	+1.23	+0.53	+0.83
Interleukin 5	+1.08	+0.78	+0.79
Tumor necrosis factor-α	+1.56	+1.31	+1.03
Lipid metabolism
Apolipoprotein E	+1.53	+2.95	+2.50
Lipase	+13.85	+24.93	+8.82
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ	+2.54	+5.83	+2.06
Cell growth and migration
Fibrinogen beta chain	+0.93	+0.43	+0.62
von Willebrand factor homolog	+4.45	+3.33	+2.99
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	+2.53	+1.95	+2.04
Laminin α 1	+0.93	+0.64	+0.61
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Fibronectin	+2.91	+1.94	+1.66
Apoptosis
Bcl2-like 1	+0.73	+0.75	+0.83
BH3 interacting domain death agonist	+1.45	+1.25	+1.23

#Fold changes (comparing to control group, fold change = 1) are calculated according to manufacturer’s analysis software.