Network-Based Biomarkers for Cold Coagulation Blood Stasis Syndrome and the Therapeutic Effects of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction in Rats

Table 5

Identification of differentially expressed metabolites in the urine that may account for the discrimination between normal and model rats.

No.	Metabolites	Formula	Obsd. [M + H]^+/[M − H]^− (𝑚/𝑧)	Content variance^c	FC^d	𝑃^e value
1	Cholic acid	C24H40O5	407.2804^a	↑	1.56	0.035
2	2-Phenylethanol glucuronide	C14H18O7	297.0954^a	↓	−1.69	0.026
3	Hippuric acid	C9H9NO3	178.0491^a	↓	−1.81	0.040
4	3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate	C9H12O7S	263.0221^c	↑	2.53	0.025
5	5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate	C6H8O7	191.0168^a	↑	2.40	0.016
6	5α-Tetrahydrocortisol	C21H34O5	365.2316^a	↑	3.70	0.023
7	6-Hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide	C15H17NO8	340.1016^b	↓	−3.79	0.012
8	2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline-beta-D-glucuronide	C15H15NO8	338.0847^b	↓	−2.42	0.028
9	Normeperidinic acid glucuronide	C18H23NO8	382.1497^b	↓	−3.21	0.037
10	13,14-dihydro PGF2α	C20H36O5	357.2724^b	↑	2.01	0.028

aObserved at ES⁻ mode [M − H]⁻; ^bobserved at ES⁺ mode [M + H]⁺.
^c↑: content increased; ↓: content decreased.
^dFold change was calculated as the ratio of the mean metabolite levels between two groups. A positive value of fold change indicates a relatively higher concentration of metabolites while a negative value of fold change indicates a relatively lower concentration of metabolites in model rats as compared to normal rats.
^e𝑃 values were calculated from two-tailed Mann-Whitney 𝑈 test with a threshold of 0.05.