Tai Chi group (): 12-week Tai Chi exercise, twice a week for 16 weeks Usual care group (): pharmacologic therapy, diet, and exercise counseling
Tai Chi group showed improved quality of life scores, increased 6-min walking distance, and decreased serum B-type natriuretic peptide levels compared with patients in the control group
18 patients with HF 59 ± 14 y/o (NYHA classes I–III, mean EF: 24 ± 8%)
Tai Chi group (): 12-week Tai Chi exercise, 1-hour twice weekly Usual care group (): pharmacologic therapy and dietary and exercise counseling
ECG-based sleep spectrogram showed that Tai Chi group had a significant increase in high-frequency coupling and significant reduction in low-frequency coupling, which indicated improved sleep stability and better disease-specific quality of life
100 patients with systolic HF 67 ± 11 y/o (NYHA classes I–III, mean EF: 29 ± 8%)
Tai Chi group (): 12-week Tai Chi exercise program Control group (): time-matched education
No significant changes in 6-minute walking distance and peak oxygen uptake Tai chi group had greater improvements in quality of life, exercise self efficacy, mood, and total mood disturbance
Combined training group (CT, ): Tai Chi + endurance training Endurance training group (ET, ): endurance training only All patients performed 4 sessions of exercise per week for 12 weeks
6-minute walking increased in both groups Systolic BP and BNP decreased in the CT group compared to ET CT group had a greater improvement in physical perception and peak torque of knee extensor compared to ET group
Tai Chi group (): 12-week Tai Chi exercise program Aerobic exercise group ()
Change in peak oxygen uptake was similar between groups 6-minute walk distance increased more with Tai Chi Depression scores improved more with Tai Chi Both groups had improved Minnesota Living With Heart Failure scores and self-efficacy
