Natural Products for Antithrombosis

Table 3

Inhibition of the platelet granules secretions of natural products.

Natural products	Experimental models	Possible mechanisms	Reference
Crocetin of Saffron	Rat blood (ex vivo); agonist: ADP	Inhibition of Ca^2+ mobilization via reducing both intracellular Ca^2+ release and extracellular Ca^2+ influx as well as 5-HT secretion	[122]
Aqueous extract of Soshiho-tang	Rat blood (in vitro); agonist: collagen, THR and AA	Inhibition of 5-HT and TXA2 formation	[123]
Geiji-Bokryung-Hwan (Cinnamomi Ramulus, Poria Cocos, Mountan Cortex Radicis, Paeoniae Radix, and Persicae Semen)	Human blood (in vitro); agonist: THR and CRP	Inhibition of IP3-mediated Ca^2+ mobilization	[124]
20% ethanol extract of black soybean	Human blood (in vitro); agonist: collagen	Attenuating 5-HT secretion and P-selectin expression, and inhibiting TXA2 formation	[125]
Magnolol of magnolia bark	Rabbit blood (in vitro); agonist: collagen	Inhibition of 5-HT secretion	[126]
Ligustrazine ferulate of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong	Rat blood (ex vivo); agonist: THR	Reduction of the expression of platelet P-selectin as well as suppression of platelet adhesion to neutrophil	[127]
Dihydroxybenzyl alcohol of Gastrodia elata Blume.	Rabbit blood (in vitro); agonist: AA	Inhibition of Ca^2+ mobilization via reducing both intracellular Ca^2+ release and extracellular Ca^2+ influx	[128]
Rhynchophylline	Rabbit blood (in vitro); agonist: ADP and THR	Inhibition of Ca^2+ mobilization via extracellular Ca^2+influx rather than intracellular Ca^2+ release	[129]
Salvianolic acid B of Salvia miltiorrhiza	Human blood (in vitro); agonist: ADP and THR	Inhibition of P-selectin and CD40L releasing	[130]
Guanosine of Solanum lycopersicum	Human blood (in vitro); agonist: ADP and collagen	Inhibition of CD40L and ATP secretion	[131]
Curdione of Rhizoma Curcumae	Human blood (in vitro); agonist: THR, PAF, ADP and AA	Inhibition of P-selectin expression, intracellular Ca^2+mobilization and increasing the cAMP levels in PAF-activated platelets	[132]

ADP: adenosine diphosphate; THR: thrombin; AA: arachidonic acid; CRP: collagen-related peptide; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IP3: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate; TXA₂: thromboxane A₂.