Author, year Decrease in ACF formation Decrease in the number of tumors Mean tumor volume Decrease in tumor volume Main reaction, pathway or function modified by cannabinoids Increase in endocannabinoid levels Increase in expression of apoptosis markers Changes in expression of proinflammatory markers Control Experimental Aviello, et al. 2012 [7 ] CBD: 1 mg/kg 33.3% CBD: 5 mg/kg 33.3% CBD: 1 mg/kg 55.5% CBD: 5 mg/kg 22.2% N/A N/A N/A Apoptosis, antiproliferative effect 2-AG Anandamide Increased expression of caspase 3 No significant changes in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible oxide nitric synthase (iNOS) expression Borrelli, et al. 2014 [38 ] N/A N/A (2500 ± 414 mm3 ) (1367 ± 243 mm3 ) 45.3% Apoptosis, antiproliferative effect N/A Increased expression of caspase 3 Increased expression of caspase 7 Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) only in CRC cells (Caco-2 cells) Izzo, et al. 2008 [35 ] AA-5HT: 50.8% VDM11 : 37.5%HU210 : 60.2% N/A N/A N/A N/A Apoptosis 2-AG Anandamide Increased expression of caspase 3 N/A Kargl, et al. 2013 [28 ] N/A 30% N/A N/A 50% Apoptosis N/A Increased expression of annexin V/PI Decreased phosphorylation of NFκβ Decreased phosphorylation of STAT3† Decreased expression of TNF-α Pagano, et al. 2017 [56 ] N/A N/A (1980 ± 269 mm3 ) (956 ± 180 mm3 ) 52% Angiogenesis 2-AG N/A N/A Romano, et al. 2014 [8 ] 86% 40% no statistical significance achieved (1130 ± 171.6 mm3 ) (755 ± 124 mm3 ) 33.18% Antiproliferative effect N/A N/A N/A Santoro, et al. 2009 [57 ] 75.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A Mitotic catastrophe N/A N/A N/A Thapa, et al. 2012 [58 ] N/A N/A (507 ± 51 mm3 ) (271 ± 33 mm3 ) 46.5% Angiogenesis N/A N/A N/A