Effect of Curcumin on Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials
Table 3
Subgroup analysis to assess the effect of curcumin supplementation on blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure.
Outcomes
Overall effects
Subgroups analyzed
Mean age
Curcumin intake
Follow-up period
≤60 years
>60 years
≥1500 mg/day
＜1500 mg/day
≤2 months
＞2 months
Blood urea nitrogen
No. of trials
3
3
—
1
2
1
2
WMD (95% CI)
−0.8 (−5.62, 4.02)
−0.11 (−2.71, 2.49)
0.72 (−2.43, 3.87)
−1.12 (−1.53, 7.28)
2.60 (−3.71, 8.91)
−2.54 (−10.02, 4.93)
value
0.933
0.933
0.654
0.658
0.419
0.505
(%)
60
60
—
75.9
—
75.9
heterogeneity
0.082
0.082
—
0.041
—
0.042
Proteinuria
No. of trials
4
3
1
2
2
2
2
WMD (95% CI)
−0.09 (−0.73, 0.92)
−0.23 (−0.95, 0.05)
0.80 (0.38, 1.22)
−0.06 (−0.82, 0.69)
−0.12 (−2.24, 2.01)
−0.12 (−2.24, 2.01)
−0.06 (−0.82, 0.69)
value
0.823
0.536
＜0.001
0.875
0.914
0.914
0.875
(%)
86.90%
41.40%
—
47.40%
81.50%
81.50%
47.40%
heterogeneity
＜0.001
0.181
—
0.168
0.002
0.02
0.168
Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
No. of trials
3
3
—
1
2
1
2
WMD (95% CI)
−1.06 (−17.89, 15.77)
0.34 (−2.73, 3.41)
0.72 (−2.43, 3.87)
−0.79 (−0.05, 38.47)
20.10 (−2.91, 43.11)
−8 (−28.05, 12.05)
value
0.902
0.902
0.654
0.968
0.087
0.434
(%)
77.2
77.2
—
87
—
83
heterogeneity
0.012
0.012
—
0.005
—
0.015
Diastolic blood pressure
No. of trials
4
3
1
1
3
2
2
WMD (95% CI)
0.21 (−5.64, 6.05)
−1.91 (−6.79, 2.96)
5.90 (4.32, 7.48)
2.00 (−1.98, 5.98)
−0.44 (−8.51, 7.63)
−0.05 (−11.96, 11.87)
0.42 (−2.90, 3.75)
value
0.944
0.441
＜0.001
0.325
0.915
0.803
0.994
(%)
92.3
76.8
—
—
94.8
96.9
21.4
heterogeneity
＜0.001
0.013
—
—
＜0.001
＜0.001
0.259
WMD, weight mean difference; CI, confidence interval.
