Research Article
Effect of Curcumin on Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials
Table 4
The certainty of the evidence for the effects of curcumin supplementation on outcomes based on the GRADE assessment.
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SCr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PRO, proteinuria; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; WMD, weight mean difference; CI, confidence interval; RCT, randomized controlled trial. aFor risk of bias, the majority of included studies were considered to be at high risk of bias due to the fact that outcomes assessment was not blinded, so it was downgraded. bAlthough there was substantial heterogeneity for the effect of curcumin on BUN, it was explained when the study conducted by Shafabakhsh et al. was removed according to the sensitivity analysis (original: = 60%, heterogeneity = 0.082; after study was removed: = 0%, heterogeneity = 0.601). cThe 95% CIs for effect estimates overlap the zero. dAlthough there was considerable heterogeneity for the effect of curcumin on PRO, it was associated with mean age (≤60 years, = 41.4%), curcumin intake (≥1500 mg/day, = 47.4%), and follow-up period (>2 months, = 47.4%). eThere was substantial heterogeneity ( ≥ 77.2%, < 0.1) that was unexplained by any subgroup or sensitivity analysis for the effect of curcumin on LDL-C. fAlthough there was substantial heterogeneity, it was explained for the effect of curcumin on DBP with follow-up periods (>2 months, = 21.4%). |