Validation of Difficult Airway Physiological Score (DAPS) in Critically Ill Adults Undergoing Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department

Table 3

Emergency department intubation characteristics among patients as per difficult airway physiological score status.

Characteristics	Risk stratification as per DAPS		value
	High risk ≥10 (194)	Low risk <10 (132)
Age (years)	52 (SD = ± 18)	47.7 (SD = ± 17.4)	<0.001
Age groups
<45 years	68 [35.1%]	60 [45.5%]	<0.059
≥45 years	126 [64.9%]	72 [54.5%]
Gender
Male	126 [64.9%]	77 [58.3%]	0.226
Female	68 [35.1%]	55 [41.7%]
Shift
Morning (8AM–4PM)	66 [34%]	37 [28%]	<0.001
Evening (4PM–10PM)	64 [33%]	25 [18.9%]
Night (10PM–8AM)	64 [33%]	70 [53%]
Triage presentation vitals (median IQR)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	120.5 (140–94)	142 (167–119)	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	70 (87–53)	81 (94–70)	<0.001
Heart rate	118 (130–102)	96 (112–78)	<0.001
Oxygen saturations (%)	90.5 (97–73)	98 (99–89)	<0.001
Respiratory rate	30 (36–24)	24 (31.5–20)	<0.001
Reason/s for intubation
Coma	132 [68%]	88 [66.7%]	0.795
Hypoxia	101 [52.1%]	29 [22%]	0.046
Metabolic acidosis	71 [36.6%]	18 [13.6%]	<0.001
Anticipated decline	84 [43.3%]	59 [44.7%]	0.803
Respiratory distress	169 [87.1%]	70 [53%]	<0.001
Polytrauma	7 [3.6%]	10 [7.6%]	0.114
Isolated trauma	5 [2.6%]	16 [12.1%]	0.025
Gunshot injury	2 [1%]	2 [1.5%]	0.017
Others	5 [2.6%]	3 [2.3%]	0.861
Shock index
<0.9	66 [34%]	111 [84.1%]	<0.001
≥0.9	128 [66%]	21 [15.9%]
pH
≥7.3	124 [63.9%]	128 [97%]	<0.001
<7.3	70 [36.1%]	4 [3%]
Drugs used for intubation
Ketamine	59 [30.4%]	14 [10.6%]	<0.001
Propofol	61 [31.4%]	61 [46.2%]	0.007
Etomidate	3 [1.5%]	1 [0.8%]	0.525
Midazolam	87 [44.8%]	66 [50%]	0.360
Succinylcholine	87 [44.8%]	81 [61.4%]	0.003
Rocuronium	23 [11.9%]	7 [5.3%]	0.045
Heaven criteria
Hypoxemia	94 [48.5%]	34 [25.8%]	<0.001
Extremes of size	19 [9.8%]	8 [6.1%]	0.230
Anatomic abnormalities	30 [15.5%]	16 [12.1%]	0.395
Vomit/blood/fluid	58 [29.9%]	53 [40.2%]	0.055
Exsanguination	28 [13.2%]	17 [14.9%]	0.670
Neck mobility issues	25 [12.9%]	20 [15.2%]	0.561

donates statistical significance at the level ().