Safety and Efficacy of Peroral Endoscopic Shorter Myotomy versus Longer Myotomy for Patients with Achalasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Table 4

Detailed procedure-related adverse events and reflux adverse events.

Study	Group	Total patients ()	Perioperative adverse events, (%)	Postprocedure GERD, (%)
Wang et al., 2015	SM	46	Bleeding, 7 (15.2); perforation, 6 (13.0); pneumothorax, 14 (30.4); pneumoperitoneum, 12 (26.1); and emphysema, 17 (37.0)	Symptoms or endoscopy, 7 (15.2)
Li et al., 2018	SM	63	Mucosal injury, 4 (6.3); pneumoperitoneum, 2 (3.2); and fever (°C), 6 (9.5)	Symptoms, 6 (9.5); endoscopy, 6 (9.5)
	LM	63	Mucosal injury, 5 (7.9); pneumothorax, 1 (1.6); pneumoperitoneum, 3 (4.8); pneumomediastinum, 1 (1.6); subcutaneous emphysema, 24 (38.1); and fever (°C), 7 (11.1)	Symptoms, 8 (12.7); endoscopy, 8 (12.7)
Huang et al., 2020	SM	36	Major bleeding, 2 (5.6); pneumothorax, 1 (2.8)	Symptoms, 3 (8.3); endoscopy, 1 (2.8)
	LM	74	Major bleeding, 3 (4.1); pneumothorax, 2 (2.7); and mucosal perforation, 1 (1.4)	Symptoms, 11 (14.9); endoscopy, 6 (8.1)
Gu et al., 2020	SM	46	None	Symptoms, 7 (15.2); endoscopy, 4 (8.7); and pH, 11 (23.9)
	LM	48	Mucosal injuries, 1 (2.08)	Symptoms, 11 (22.9); endoscopy, 7 (14.6); and pH, 21 (43.8)
Nabi et al., 2020	SM	34	Subcutaneous emphysema, 4 (11.76); capnoperitoneum requiring decompression, 3 (8.82); retroperitoneal CO2, 4 (11.76); minor bleeding episodes, 12 (35.29); and mucosal injuries requiring clipping, 1 (2.94)	Endoscopy, 11 (32.4); pH, 7 (25.92)
	LM	37	Subcutaneous emphysema, 4 (11.76); capnoperitoneum requiring decompression, 3 (8.10); retroperitoneal CO 2, 2 (5.40); minor bleeding episodes, 17 (45.94); mucosal injuries requiring clipping, 1 (2.70)	Endoscopy, 18 (48.6); pH, 12 (40.00)

SM: short myotomy; LM: long myotomy.